Why double-entry rather than a categorised list
A list of bank transactions with labels tells you what moved. It cannot tell you what you are owed, what you owe, what you own, or whether anything is missing — because there is nothing to balance against.
Double-entry gives you that check for free. Every transaction has two sides, the sides must agree, and when they do not, something is wrong and you find out. That property is why the technique has survived five hundred years.